Polypodiaceae (pol-ee-po-DAY-see-ee)
Iconic Features
- Stalks light-colored and usually smooth
- Fronds 0- to 1-pinnate
- Sori usually along frond veins
- No indusia
Description (Jepson)
- Ferns (Polypodiopsida)
- An early group of vascular plants that produce spores (reproductive cells)
- Produce no flowers or seeds
- Fossil records date back almost 400 million years, versus 130 million years for flowering plants
- An early group of vascular plants that produce spores (reproductive cells)
- Perennial herbs
- Grow from rhizomes (horizontal underground stems)
- Fronds (leaves)
- Simple (not divided into leaflets) to compound (divided into leaflets), with 1 level of division (1-pinnate)
- Variable in texture, from very thin to fleshy to leathery
- Young fronds uncurl from tight spirals called fiddleheads
- Stalks (petioles) are generally green or straw-colored to brown
- Usually not scaly/hairy
- Sori
- Sori (singular: sorus) are clusters of spore-producing, sac-like structures called sporangia (singular: sporangium)
- Sporangia sacs split open to catapult mature, microscopic spores, which are wind dispersed
- Located on the underside of leaflets, usually along veins, sometimes scattered or near margins
- Have no indusium (plural: indusia), a tissue flap sometimes covering immature sori
- Sori (singular: sorus) are clusters of spore-producing, sac-like structures called sporangia (singular: sporangium)
Notes
- Approximately 650 species worldwide
- Plants terrestrial, on rock, or often epiphytic (growing on other plants; not deriving moisture and nutrients directly from its host)
- Scientific and common name from the genus Polypodium, from the Latin poly, “many,” and pody, “feet,” referring to rhizomes (underground, horizontal stems)
- California polypody (Polypodium californicum) is the only representative of this family at Edgewood
- Edgewood has 7 fern species in 4 plant families
- Brake family (Pteridaceae)
- California maidenhair fern (Adiantum jordanii)
- Coffee fern (Pellaea andromedifolia)
- Goldback fern (Pentagramma triangularis)
- Polypody family (Polypodiaceae)
- California polypody (Polypodium californicum)
- Wood fern family (Dryopteridaceae)
- Coastal wood fern (Dryopteris arguta)
- Western sword fern (Polystichum munitum)
- Horsetail family (Equisetaceae)
- Giant horsetail (Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii)
- Brake family (Pteridaceae)
Specific References
American Fern Society. About Ferns. Resources.
Pai, A. 2018, Dec. 28. Fantastic ferns and where to find them. Bay Nature.
U.S. Forest Service. What are ferns? Forest Service. United States Department of Agriculture.
General References
Calflora Database. 2014. Berkeley, California.
Calscape. 2018. California Native Plant Society.
Charters, M.L. 2015. California Plant Names: Latin and Greek Meanings and Derivations.
Charters, M.L. 2017. Southern California Wildflowers: Guide to the Pronunciation of Specific, Generic and Family Names.
Corelli, T. 2004. Flowering Plants of Edgewood Natural Preserve (2nd. ed.). Monocot Press, Half Moon Bay, California.
Elpel, T.J. 2013. Botany in a Day: The Patterns Method of Plant Identification. HOPS Press, Pony, Montana.
Flora of North America. efloras.org.
Harris, J.G. and M.W. Harris. 2013. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. Spring Lake Publishing, Spring Lake, Utah.
Keator, G. 2009. California Plant Families. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.
Native American Ethnobotany DB.
Regents of the University of California. Jepson eFlora. Jepson Herbarium. University of California, Berkeley.
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