Mallow Family

Malvaceae (mal-VA-see-ee)

Iconic Features

• Broad leaves, usually palmately lobed
• Showy funnel- or saucer-shaped flowers
• Flower parts in fives
• Numerous stamens fused into a tube

Description (Jepson)

• Eudicotyledons (eudicots) – a major lineage of flowering plants including most plants traditionally described as dicots and generally characterized by
  • 2 seed leaves (dicotyledon)
  • Netted (reticulate) leaf venation
  • Flower parts in fours and fives
  • Pollen grains with 3 pores (tricolpate)
  • Vascular bundles in stem arranged in a ring
  • Taproot system
• Annuals, herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and small trees
• Leaves
  • Alternate (1 leaf at each junction with stem) and simple (not divided into leaflets)
  • Usually palmately lobed and toothed
  • Often with minute starlike (stellate) hairs
• Flowers
  • Inflorescence (flower arrangement) in many forms
    • Often with bracts (modified leaves) at base
    • Usually bisexual, radially symmetric, funnel-shaped flowers
      • 5 petals and 5 partially-fused sepals (usually green, outer flower parts)
      • Numerous fused stamens (male flower parts) usually form a tube surrounding the pistil (female flower part)
    • Ovary superior (above the attachment of other flower parts)
  • Fruit is usually a capsule (a dry, multi-chambered fruit that splits open at maturity) with many wedge-shaped segments, like a cheese wheel

Notes

• Approximately 4,000 species worldwide, especially in warm climates
  • Includes hollyhocks, hibiscus, cheeseweed, checkermallow, and flannel bush
  • Also includes the economically-important plants cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and cotton (Gossypium species)
• Most species have mucilaginous vegetation with natural gums, which become gelatinous when crushed
  • The Old World herb Althaea officinalis, which grows in marshes, is the original source of marshmallows (Petkewich 2006)
    • Ancient Egyptians were known to use the boiled root pulp as a cough medicine and confection
    • 19th-century confectioners whipped and molded the root sap into a fluffy candy
    • Today, most “marshmallows” are made from gelatin
  • The seed pods of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), which become slimy when cooked, are used in some gumbos
• Scientific and common name from the included genus Malva, from the Greek malache, “mallow”
• Represented by 3 species at Edgewood

See General References

Specific References

Petkewich, R. 2006, April 17. What’s that stuff? Marshmallow. Chemical & Engineering News: Science & Technology 84: 41.